A general method for the synthesis of alpha-amino-gamma-butyrolactones is disclosed that uses an enantioselective Michael addition of a Michael donor with a chiral alpha-amino-gamma-butyrolactone. This approach is applicable to the synthesis of a variety of amino-lactones, both in racemic form and as single enantiomers. Other features of the invention include: (1) the novel formation of alpha-amino-gamma-butyrolactones and (2) the synthesis of alpha-amino-gamma-butyrolactones with a nitrogen in an appropriate stereochemical position.
A new method for the synthesis of pyrimidinones has been developed. The main feature of this synthesis is the use of N-carbamoyl aldehyde or its enantiomer, which is prepared from propargyl alcohol by reaction with CO2 and an achiral amine to afford a stereoselective Michael addition followed by a Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling with an electron-deficient aryl iodide. The resultant adducts are then hydrolyzed to provide the target products in good yields. The utility of this approach is demonstrated through the preparation of the naturally occurring erythromycin A and related compounds.
The exact control over the observed domain size, the excellent domain-to-domain uniformity, and the excellent functional properties of these all-polymerized domain arrays are major advances in the field. This simple and cost-effective process for the fabrication of polymer arrays is amenable to mass production and should be useful in the manufacture of other highly functional materials and devices.
This invention is an improvement over U.S. Pat. No. 5,302,526 (issued Apr. 12, 1994) and U.S. Pat. No. 5,326,587 (issued Jul. 5, 1994), both of which are hereby incorporated by reference. The inventions described herein include the use of inorganic-based materials, such as monomer, liquid crystal compounds, and the like, to provide new optical structures such as photonic crystals, and photonic bandgap materials. Photonic crystals are solid-state materials that are made up of periodically arranged dielectric (insulating) regions and metallic (conducting) regions that are arranged in a periodic fashion to form a structure that inhibits the flow of light 01e38acffe
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